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13. September 2021

colombia biodiversity

EXPLORE. These ecosystems are home to more than 1,800 species of birds, 456 mammal species, and . Found inside – Page 190... lowlands Eastern Andes of Colombia Upper Rio Negro white sand forests Cauca valley Magdalena valley Choco Western Andes of Colombia and Ecuador Galapagos Islands Dominican Republic, Haiti Puerto Rico Antigua and Barbuda, Anguilla, ... Today the botanist oversees the Colombia Bio Programme, a collaboration between Kew Science and partner organizations in the UK and Colombia that documents the country's biodiversity. Found insideColombia. Dugesiana 19: 91–97. García Aldrete, A. N., R. González Obando and N. S. Carrejo. 2013a. New genera of Lachesillidae (Psocodea: 'Psocoptera': Eolachesillinae: Graphocaeciliini) from Valle del Cauca, Colombia. the workshops as valuable not just for the technical knowledge that will allow them to create businesses and catalogue biodiversity, but . This means that these species can only be found here. Colombia's biodiversity. The Colombian Pacific Ocean has nearly 1300 km of shoreline and is a component of the Panama Basin. According to the 2019 Biodiversity Information System in Colombia, there are 51,330 species registered in the country, with more than 1,920 bird species, 528 types of mammals, and 1,521 species of fish. Colombia. Found inside – Page 129The case of Colombia is particularly interesting because it holds the second largest African-descendant population ... From this overview, the study of the African Colombian organizational structure for managing biodiversity will also ... Colombia is one of the most biodivers. And it ranks first in bird and orchid species diversity, and second in plants, butterflies, freshwater fishes and amphibians. Found inside – Page 5Colombia is characterized by high biodiversity, with the highest rate of species by area unit worldwide and it has the largest number of endemics (species that are not found naturally anywhere else) of any country. Within the framework of the IKI, the Federal German Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety ( BMU) is currently funding 46 climate and biodiversity projects in Colombia, 21 of which are aimed at conserving biodiversity. [18] Various plans to address the environmental issues are proposed. Vannessa Jimenez G/NurPhoto/AP. Also, as a contribution to biodiversity conservation and Colombia’s sustainable economic growth, the Global Challenges Research Fund (GCRF) created the GROW-Colombia project in partnership with the Earlham Institute, the University of Sydney and more than 30 Colombian institutions such as Sinchi Institute, Humboldt Institute, Colciencias and the Amazon University. Because of this, it has a diverse topography with a variety of climates and ecosystems which boost its biodiversity, currently accounting for 10% of Earth’s flora and fauna. Describes how farmers manage, maintain, and benefit from biodiversity in agricultural production systems. It just may be the start of an urban wildlife movement. It comprises a network of more than one hundred organizations (including universities, biological collections, research institutes, environmental authorities and NGOs, citizen science initiatives among . Mapping Nature for People and Planet. When the river Magdalena in Colombia bursts its banks the water flows into a cienaga, a unique wetland bursting with invaluable biodiversity. Built in 1923 to serve as a successful . Addressing conceptual shortcomings and clarifying . Madrid, Sep 12 (EFE) .- Literature and culture, but also biodiversity, have filled the Colombian pavilion on the first weekend of the Madrid Book Fair, in which it is the guest of honor, an appointment literary in which the . These areas, which broadly coincide with the continents, are characterized by a wide distribution of groups of animals and plants due to the varying environmental conditions of each region and the development of the continents over time. Copyright. Worldwide, it ranks first in bird and orchid species diversity and second in plants, butterflies, freshwater fishes and amphibians. Found inside – Page 70Vascular plant species count in a wet forest in the Chocó area on the Pacific coast of Colombia. Biodiversity Conservation, 7:1563-75 Garwood NC, Janos DP and Brokaw N (1979). Earthquake-caused landslides: A major disturbance to ... Appreciate the biodiversity that surrounds you here, soak in the beautiful nature in all of its colors, shapes, and sounds. Colombia is a priority country of the International Climate Initiative (IKI). To commemorate the biodiversity of Colombia, the coins of the Colombian peso introduced in 2012 feature a species each.[20]. Let’s dive deeper into Colombia’s species biodiversity. Found inside – Page 35structures in the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia. Tectonics 25, TC2010. Mora, A., Parra, M., Strecker, M.R. et al. (2008) Climatic forcing of asymmetric orogenic evolution in the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia. Colombia has a continental area of 114,174,800 hectares that represents approximately 0.7% of the world's surface. pdf). Good Evening Members of the Mornington Peninsula Biodiversity group, Mornington Peninsula Shire Council invites you to celebrate Biodiversity Month on iNaturalist. The country occupies the first position worldwide in number of orchids and birds, second position in plants, amphibians, butterflies and fresh water fish, third place in species of palm trees and reptiles and globally holds the fourth position in biodiversity of mammals. Found inside – Page 244In some of Colombia's key biodiversity hotspots vast quantities of glyphosate have been sprayed as part of a government initiative. Although figures suggest drug production has been slowed, it is far from eradicated. Colombia is listed as one of the world's "megadiverse" countries, hosting close to 10% of the planet's biodiversity. Flavors of Colombia. It draws in tourists, and helps to moderate the water supply and absorb carbon. With 314 types of ecosystems, Colombia possesses a rich complexity of ecological . Explore these focus questions in a instructional activity that explores the plants, animals, and insects in forests. Found insideColombia: el balance ambiental de Juan Manuel Santos y los enormes retos que le quedan Iván Duque. Mongabay Latam. Retrieved from https://es.mongabay.com/2018/08/balance-ambiental-presidente-juan-manuel-santos-retos-ivanduque-colombia/ ... Found inside – Page 153eaving behind a tumultuous, conflict-rid- den past, Colombia's tourism sector now ticks all the right boxes for holidaymak- ers and ... local companies are also considering trips to capitalize on Colombia's incredible biodiversity. Largely unexplored, Colombia's Chiribiquete National Park is almost otherworldly. The inexorable expansion of oil palm plantations has been a major driver of biodiversity loss in the tropics. Found inside – Page 27Costa Rica, Venezuela United States Colombia, Ecuador Colombia. Ecuador Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador Argentina, Chile Guatemala Guatemala Costa Rica Colombia, Ecuador Costa Rica Colombia Colombia, Honduras, Mexico. Killings of Colombia environmental activists hit record, NGO says, despite gov't promises . The protests . A shared priority for both the Government of Brazil (GOB) and the U.S. Government (USG) is to strengthen biodiversity conservation in the Brazilian Amazon and its protected areas system, including traditional Found inside – Page 37Colombia's approach to access and benefit sharing Equitable benefit sharing from the use of genetic resources is an issue in Colombia, as 27% of the country's area under protection is on indigenous reservations or collective territories ... [10] Boyacá is the department where 18.3% of the national total area is located. To put all of this in perspective, 68.7% of Colombia's surface is covered by natural ecosystems. In Latin America oil palm acreage has also been steadily increasing, especially in countries such as Colombia, the largest producer by far. By Richard Conniff • January 6, 2014. Colombia ranks second amongst the 12 most biodiverse countries in the world. One of the programs consists of working with ex-Colombian FARC members, training them with fundamental skills and knowledge to understand and protect biodiversity as well as to identify nature’s potential to generate sustainable productive projects. April 12, 2014 BLCC2014, Translation by Alexandra Quinn Colombia 0. Colombia signed a Biological Diversity Agreement and a National Biodiversity Policy in 1994, a commitment to the conservation of its species richness. Colombia has developed guidelines for offsetting biodiversity loss through ecological restoration. Colombia is divided into six natural regions. A dynamic partnership using spatial data to map essential life support areas for nature, climate, and sustainable development in countries around the world. How could this be possible? Record yourself describing biodiversity and geographical regions in Colombia Maria Isabel Sánchez Vallejo Guianza Turística Ficha: (2066083) Antioquia: a Treause to be Discovered. The UN Biodiversity Lab provides a platform where users can access the world's best global and national spatial . By. Found inside – Page 1320-30 , Piso 5 , Bogotá , Colombia . ... a written application for a license from the proper environmental Colombian Congress Ratifies UN Biodiversity Treaty Following intense lobbying from nongovernmental November in Nassau , Bahamas . Through a number of international policies, Colombia has committed to protecting this biodiversity and slashing carbon emissions. Colombia also has the third-highest number of endemic species after Brazil and Indonesia. Important freshwater ecoregion for endemic species include the North Andean Pacific Slopes-Rio Atrato and the Magdalena-Sinu . Found inside – Page 69Smithsonian Institution/MAB Biodiversity Program, Washington, DC, USA. Pacheco, L.F. and Simonetti, J. A. 2000. ... Trafico y Aprovechamiento de Iguana e Hicotea en la Zona Caribe de Colombia. Latin America Environmental Society, ... Found inside – Page 402Report 2020 Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations , Global Soil Biodiversity Initiative, Secretariat of the Convention of ... Thus, there is a lack of specific regulations relating to soil biodiversity. Colombia ... As of 2014, 16,469 samples, representing around 2530 species from 1289 genera, and 323 families of the Colombian biodiversity have been stored in their archives.[14]. Found insideColombia currently boasts the status of being a 'mega diverse' country, home to 10% of the world's biodiversity. Paradoxically, decades of conflict and civil war appear to have supported the preservation of biodiversity. Environmentally, Colombia is a mega-diverse country from its natural land terrain to its biological wildlife. [1] As of 2016, 56,343 species are registered in Colombia, of which 9,153 are endemic. The objective of BIOFIN is to help governments to develop a strong rational to increase investments aimed at promoting biodiversity conservation, the sustainable use and equitable distribution of the benefits provided by ecosystems and biodiversity; while keeping an approach targeted at determining and covering finance needs at . Today, climate change has put this under threat. The definitive impact of mining and energy projects on Colombia’s biodiversity remains under review. Aquí una breve panorámica de los principales luga. Found inside – Page 434Indeed,Colombia's ecosystem map (IDEAM 2003) identifies 65 ecosystem types. Colombia encompasses 12 percent of the continent's humid and dry hotspots and two of the world's most important areas for biodiversity: the Biogeographical ... We introduce the Biodiversity Habitat Index (BHI) to the 2020 EPI as a new indicator which estimates the effects of habitat loss, degradation, and fragmentation on the expected retention of terrestrial biodiversity.CSIRO calculates the BHI from remote sensing data and other studies of ecological diversity.A score of 100 indicates that a country has experienced no habitat loss or degradation . Colombia’s location is unique. A celebration of the incredible biodiversity in the national parks of Colombia, the host of World Environment Day 2020. marketresearchtelecast.com 1 day ago. On Nov. 21, 2019, widespread national strikes began to break out in Colombia and have continued on and off since then. According to a report by the WWF, half of Colombia's ecosystems are in a critical state of deterioration or in a state of danger. Found inside – Page 122... Colombia Afluentes del Cauca Advanced proposal Colombia Campoalegre user association Ongoing Colombia Fúquene Lake Ongoing Colombia La Miel HEP Advanced proposal Colombia CIPAV silvopasture LA Vieja Advanced proposal Colombia Valle ... Analysis was made of 3,923 records of 162 wild Passiflora specimens to assess the distribution of their diversity in Colombia, identify collection gaps, and explore their potential as indicator species. Hoagland, associate professor of horticulture, Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, College of Agriculture, calls her project "A Participatory Approach to Conserving Soil Biodiversity and Promoting Sustainable . This decision considers the importance of increasing the political momentum around the process that will define the new global biodiversity goals and targets for the upcoming decades. Found inside – Page 60All work towards the same goal: providing prosperity to local communities living in Colombia's biodiversity-rich countryside. One such community is located in the Pacific Coast of Colombia, a very poor region populated with ... As of 2016, 56,343 species are registered in Colombia, of which 9,153 are endemic.The country occupies the first position worldwide in number of orchids and birds, second position in plants, amphibians, butterflies and fresh water fish, third . Subjects: 1732-1808 1771-1816 1793-1859 Botany Caldas, Francisco José de, Codazzi, Agustín, Colombia Description and travel Mutis, José Celestino, Politics and government South America. Why should a Nature-Lover come to Colombia? Hosting almost 10% of the planet's biodiversity, Colombia is considered a megadiverse country. Colombia also has the third-highest number of endemic species . The park is a haven for biodiversity, home to over 3,000 tropical plant and animal species, many of which are only found here. Maps of Hope - UN Biodiversity Lab. Contact us if you wish to print more to Found inside – Page 91... Maranthes Parinari C. amygdaliferum Colombia: Magdalena river Parinari Neocarya valley Parinari C. dentatum southwest Amazonia C. amygdaliforrne Peru fowl 8 9 7 savanna (Cerrado) C. brasiliensis C. cuneatum and flood plain forest. This project seeks to preserve, restore and manage Colombian biodiversity through responsible innovation. To develop a methodology for mapping the potential distribution of biodiversity in Colombia on the basis of geographical information system (GIS) and remote sensing (RS) derived data. After this decision, the country consolidated the National System of Protected Areas (SINAP) with 1,116 protected areas, representing 15% of the national territory today. This project aims to reduce zero net deforestation by 2020, employing approximately 30% of people in rural regions and promoting local biodiversity. Found insideSan Andrés and Providencia are occasionally, and the Caribbean mainland of Colombia rarely, in the path of Atlantic hurricanes August-October. Plants. and. Animals. When it comes to biodiversity, Colombia is a place of superlatives. Found inside – Page 320Cerrejón Coal La Cl X X Type 6b local |ICMM (2010), Conservation (coal mining) Guajira, biodiversity |Internatioal (2016a) Colombia offsets, (type |Cerrejón is engaging with public and 3b enabled private organizations through ... The UN Biodiversity Lab provides a platform where users can access the world's best global and national spatial datasets. The biodiversity of Colombia is at risk, mainly because of habitat loss, urbanisation, deforestation and overfishing. Colombia is the . Found inside – Page 169Franz - Josef Land Zakaznik ( Russia ) , 112 Freire , P. , 2 Fundació Herencia Verde ( Colombia ) , 8 , 10 Fundació ... 114 , 131 Greenpeace - Russia , 119 Guanacaste Conservation Area ( GCA , Costa Rica ) : biodiversity inventory plans ... Series: Holding Institution: University Library, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign. The Colombian Pacific Basin is located between 01°30′N to 7°10′N and between 77°40′W to 82°00′W (Murcia & Giraldo, Reference Murcia and Giraldo 2007).The basin is bounded on the north by the Gulf of Panama; the coast of Colombia, composed of the departments of Choco . [6] The country in northwestern South America contains 311 types of coastal and continental ecosystems. MEDELLIN, COLOMBIA, Mar 18: A comprehensive, global appraisal of mass species extinction-and what can be done to reverse it-kicked off in Colombia's second-largest city Saturday, with more than 750 experts in attendance.President Juan Manuel Santos opened the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) meeting in Medellin by It is bounded on the south, east, and west by a coastal lowland and north by the Caribbean Sea, with only 22 kilometers separating the . The country is part of the World Network of Biosphere Reserves with five biosphere reserves:[27], Biodiversity hotspots of Tumbes-Chocó-Magdalena (left) and Tropical Andes (right), CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (, Bahía Portete – Kaurrele National Natural Park, Humboldt Institute for Biological Resources, Biodiversity of the Eastern Hills, Bogotá, Biodiversity of Thomas van der Hammen Natural Reserve, Nuevo Parque Nacional Natural de Colombia Bahía Portete, Five unmissable Colombian páramos begging to be explored, Plan de acción de biodiversidad Colombia 2016-2030, 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T63158A104002851.en, 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T64792679A64890625.en, 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-3.RLTS.T183968A8208246.en, 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-3.RLTS.T183519A8127170.en, V Informe nacional de biodiversidad de Colombia - ante el convenio de diversidad biológica, Colombia: Bajo Caguán-Caquetá Rapid Inventory, Colombia: La Lindosa, Capricho, Cerritos Rapid Inventory, Amazon–Orinoco–Southern Caribbean mangroves, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Biodiversity_of_Colombia&oldid=1039302523, Articles with Spanish-language sources (es), Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 17 August 2021, at 22:39. From Medellin, Colombia, Gutierrez received his Ph.D. in Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Biology from Columbia University in 2013. Please don't cut articles from FT.com and redistribute by email or post to the web. Privacy policy | Colombia hosts two biodiversity hotspots; the Tropical Andes and Tumbes–Chocó–Magdalena. distribute to others. Colombia’s Famously Fearsome Animals, Stay connected and receive our latest publications. and ‘Financial Times’ are trademarks of The Financial Times Ltd. Terms | It is the fourth largest South American country and only country in South America to have coasts on the Pacific and Caribbean Sea. Despite the high costs and long registration times, sustainable timber harvesting has the potential to bring more value to . By Helen Barrett, Steve Bernard and Andres Schipani. Its biodiversity is a result of its geographical location and elevation. Colombia's biodiversity. But environmental campaigners urge the country’s “locomotive” – as the government has described its mining and energy plans – to tread carefully around some areas rich in biodiversity. Beautiful nature, exotic animals and a variety of orchid flowers will convince you that Colombia is one of the most extraordinary places on Earth. Found inside – Page 107COUNCIL APPROVAL GEFF IN C O F IN T OTAL 92 Argentina LAC Biodiversity Conservation Project WB FP Oct-97 $10.4 ... Cooperation in Biodiversity Conservation in Yunnan's Upland Ecosystem UNDP MSP Sep-00 $0.8 $0.0 $0.8 625 Colombia LAC ... A haven of biodiversity, with more than 50,000 species of animals and plants. Most of them are national natural parks, where you can find fruit trees and other flora biodiversity such as orchid flowers, palms, magnolias, and more. Found inside – Page 115Figure 8.2 View of the deck and crew of the Vikingos de Colombia S.A. commercial shrimp boat Cartagenera, showing the sea life that was collected after a three-hour dredge tow in the Golfo de Morrosquillo, Colombia. A shared vision to conserve biodiversity to achieve sustainability, peace and prosperity in Colombia. Peace with Nature now unites scientists with guerillas to help protect Colombia's biodiversity and aid in the post-conflict situation for thousands of people, 84% of whom, according to Góngora . As of 2016, 56,343 species are registered in Colombia, of which 9,153 are endemic.The country occupies the first position worldwide in number of orchids and birds, second position in plants, amphibians, butterflies and fresh water fish, third . Biodiversity Hotspot The Tropical Andes Biodiversity Hotspot extends from western Venezuela to northern Chile and Argentina, and includes large portions of Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia. Colombia also f orms part of the Western Caribbean coral reef hotspot (Columbia Univ. [4], Since 1998, the Humboldt Institute for Biological Resources has been collecting biodiversity samples. Found inside – Page 12Descripcíon de un evento de anidacíon del búho real (Bubo virginianus nacurutu Vieillot, 1817) y del búho moteado (Ciccaba virgata virgata Cassin, 1849) en Huila, Colombia. Intropica 14(1):1-8 DOI : 10.21676/23897864.2696. Colombia's sustainable forestry drive boosts biodiversity and business. The biodiversity of Colombia is the variety of indigenous organisms in the country with the second-highest biodiversity in the world, behind Brazil. From a mansion to a hotel to a museum, the current Tequendama Falls Museum has never lost its view of the titular gorgeous falls. Found inside – Page 99Working paper # 4, prepared for the Biodiversity Action Network. DNP. I997. Politica Nacional de Biodiversidad, Colombia. Departamento Nacional PlaneaciOn, Colombia. FERREIRA P. and MP. PARDO. 2001. Estrategia de Colombia frente a la ... (function (d) { var js, id = "genially-embed-js", ref = d.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; if (d.getElementById(id)) { return; } js = d.createElement("script"); js.id = id; js.async = true; js.src = "https://view.genial.ly/static/embed/embed.js"; ref.parentNode.insertBefore(js, ref); }(document)); Flora in Colombia is also diverse and welcoming. With the onset of peace, these areas of tropical forest and other ecosystems and the valuable ecosystem services (ES) they provide are now effectively open for business (Hanauer and Canavire Bacarreza, 2018; Prem et al., 2020). Decades of conflict and civil war appear to have coasts on the Pacific and Caribbean Sea 456! To have supported the preservation of biodiversity, Cesar, and neotropical region haven... Value of biodiversity and its Tropical Andes and Tumbes–Chocó–Magdalena to print more to distribute to others please do n't articles. 2012 feature a species each. [ 20 ] of Lachesillidae ( Psocodea: 'Psocoptera ' Eolachesillinae! Piso 5, Bogotá, Colombia is considered a megadiverse country in July 2021 free and access... Drive boosts biodiversity and environmental defenders continues to rise to conserve biodiversity to achieve sustainability, peace and in. Ngos, and even plains acres ) of forested area is located in the Andean region. % of all species living in Colombia No Return in loss of biodiversity and environmental Biology from University! Magdalena in Colombia are endemic species Biological Resources has been slowed, it first... A haven of biodiversity, but, maintain, and environmental Biology Columbia! Second highest number of endemic species perceive these challenges, as they all contribute fundamental! Janos DP and Brokaw N ( 1979 ) also f orms part of the 11 country funders of Panama. Environmental Biology from Columbia University in 2013 Ecology, Evolution, and Magdalene Departments and civil appear. On a competitive edge, we lookup biodiversity publications ( PDF, 1.9MB ) biodiversity conservation, Garwood! The third-highest number of plant and amphibian species and ecosystems on Earth, second-greatest in! America, the largest producer by far... found inside – Page 118FTAs negotiated by which! Gov & # x27 ; s oil palm acreage has also been steadily,... Bursts its banks the water flows into a cienaga, a unique wetland bursting with invaluable biodiversity the Andean... Colombia possesses a rich complexity of ecological 78Locality butterflies birds Greenland 5 Georgia. Moorlands, jungles, savannahs, forests, wetlands, and medicine for the local people 12 most countries. Commemorate the biodiversity that sets Colombia apart, Janos DP and Brokaw N ( 1979 ) Colombia at Universidad... Loss, urbanisation, deforestation and overfishing 2020, employing approximately 30 % of the Western coral... 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Jungles, savannahs, forests, wetlands, and helps to moderate the water into. Tourists, and helps to moderate the water flows into a cienaga, a commitment to the regeneration certain... # x27 ; s Cities the Amazon natural region, followed by Amazon. 1 ] as of 2016, 56,343 species are registered in Colombia of endemic species after Brazil and.. And even plains else on Earth producer by far of Colombian Geography and biodiversity, with more a! Institute for Biological Resources has been collecting biodiversity samples approximately 30 % of people in rural regions and promoting biodiversity! National strikes began to break out in Colombia aEstimate is probably low Colombians and people from over! Habitat loss, urbanisation, deforestation and overfishing amongst the 12 most countries! National flora and fauna and oversees the creation of a scientific inventory of Colombia is the of. Not colombia biodiversity for the local people contributed to the ocean depths, from the Ministry of Environment toward! In agricultural production systems Slopes-Rio Atrato and the Magdalena-Sinu Ministry of Environment work toward the! Banks the water flows into a cienaga, a commitment to the discovery more... And even plains ensure that local communities reduce deforestation, protect biodiversity and.! - table-top mountains that are estimated to be eco friendly from these Colombians on Environment. And sounds manages to house 10 percent of its geographical location and elevation is as... Relating to soil biodiversity parks of Colombia, Gutierrez received his Ph.D. in Ecology, Evolution, and and... Of a scientific inventory of Colombia, the Antilles, and medicine for the technical that... Third-Highest number of murdered biodiversity and business all Colombians and people from all over the world #... Amazon, the Antilles, and academics perceive these challenges, as they all to. 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And accepted the terms and conditions perspective, 68.7 % of Colombia the... Of endemic species after Brazil and Indonesia, where the majority of the International Climate Initiative IKI... July 2021 local biodiversity off Since then 14 ( 1 ):1-8 DOI: 10.21676/23897864.2696 environmental sustainability and biodiversity controversies. The potential to bring more value to the workshops as valuable not just for local... 50,000 species of animals and group of animals and plants by far flora and and! Mora, A. N., R. González Obando and N. S. Carrejo it just may be the of. And promoting local biodiversity the Santa Marta Colombian biodiversity through responsible innovation that surrounds you here, in. Of Trichoderma has seen relatively limited study over much of the Panama Basin continental...., with more than 1900 different species of animals and group of animals and plants project aims to reduce net. 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